Reliability Improvement of the Smart Distribution Grid Incorporating EVs and BESS via Optimal Charging and Discharging Process Scheduling

The use of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs), along with technological advances in battery energy storage systems (BESS), offers numerous technical and economic benefits to the smart distribution system. Parking lots not only provide EV owners opportunity charge their BESS but also contribute power grid via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, which significantly improves reliability systems. In addition, parking equipped V2G capability can participate electricity market as a producer. this study, radial system presence EVs is investigated. It should always be borne mind that improve if charging discharging strategies are optimally correctly scheduled. On contrary, lot participates sending situation where profit appropriate. Accordingly, first, five optimal for scheduling process proposed maximize profits. include constraints on amount exchange between random stochastic nature quantities, such when enter exit amounts entering lot. results demonstrate using increases by 31% understudy 9%.